Issue No 4 from 2022 yr.

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“From Love to Hatred”: To the History of Relations Between the USA and the Muslim Brotherhood

This article examines the milestones in the consolidation of the role of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and the interaction between the United States and the islamist organisation. The paper analyses key aspects of Washington's policy towards Cairo during the Arab Spring and after Hosni Mubarak's ouster. The authors consider the specifics of Egypt's domestic politics under Mohamed Morsi and American strategy. The article concludes pragmatic nature of Washington's actual cooperation with the Muslim Brotherhood.
Keywords: Muslim Brotherhood; Hosni Mubarak; Mohamed Morsi; Egypt; Egyptian revolution; Arab Spring.

Russian Social Democracy and the Historical Choice of Russia. II. From Socialism to Communism

The article continues the analysis of the transformation of the left flank of the Russian party system in the autumn of 1917. At that time, the former leaders of the political process – the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries – gradually lost their positions, and in October they were completely removed from power, and they were replaced by the Bolsheviks and left Social Revolutionaries. Attempts to create a broader government coalition ended in the failure of negotiations under Vikzhel, and the dispersal of the Constituent Assembly further deepened the split between the Socialists.
Keywords: The Russian Revolution of 1917; political parties; Social Democrats; Bolsheviks and Mensheviks; Constituent Assembly.

On the Question of the Statistics of Victims Among the Orthodox Clergy of the Southern Russian Regions in 1918–1919

From the fund of the Special Commission to investigate the atrocities of the bolsheviks under the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia, stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the author selected folders devoted to the situation of religion and the Orthodox Church in the regions where Soviet power was held for some time in 1917–1919 before the arrival of the White Guards. These folders were examined for information about the murders of representatives of the Orthodox clergy: clergymen, psalmists, monks and novices. It is shown that according to the documents of the Commission a relatively small percentage of clergy died by violent death in these regions, which does not allow us to speak about the mass nature of the red terror against the clergy, much less about the «church genocide».
Keywords: Russian Orthodox Church; clergy; repressions; red terror; statistics; civil war in Russia; Special Commission to investigate the atrocities of the Bolsheviks.

Alupka. A History Teacher. 1954–1960 (continuation)

This part of the memories is a five–year accumulation of teaching experience in general educational institutions of various types: a seven-year school at a sanatorium orphanage, a city seven-year school, an evening school for working youth. The professional formation of a history teacher is described in connection with the life of a young man in the Khrushchev era: everyday life, episodes of moral choice, political events in the country (the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU, etc.). The essay characterizes the comrades and friends of the author, hjlcndtyybrb (E.Korolevsky et al.), Crimean writers and poets (A.Nikanorkin, S.Slavich, S.Suponitsky). Students of the school of working youth from an anti-tuberculosis boarding house for war veterans and from among "people with bizarre fates" are also mentioned.
Keywords: history teacher; professional formation; seven-year school; evening school of working youth; comrades and friends; literary acquaintances.

“The audience at the Sorbonne was Packed to Capacity”: Parisian Lectures of Academician M.N.Tikhomirov in 1957

This article is devoted to the analysis of the visit of Academician Mikhail Nikolaevitch Tikhomirov in Paris in the spring of 1957 in the context of the history of the formation of Soviet-French scientific relations during the Thaw. On the basis of archival sources, the circumstances of the invitation of the Soviet scientist are reconstructed. The great role in this process of Fernand Braudel and leading by him the VIth section of the Practical School of Higher Research is concluded. In this article the chronology of Tikhomirov’s visit was described, analyze his meetings with French scientists, as well as with Russian émigrés was made. The conclusion on the great symbolic significance of Tikhomirov’s visit is made. His lectures in French in the Sorbonne symbolized the overcoming of the gap in the sphere of personal and business contacts of historians, which actually disappeared in the late 1920s.
Keywords: M. N. Tikhomirov; F. Braudel; Soviet-French scientific relations; historiography; scientific diplomacy.

The Story of a Betrayal. To the Question of the Nature of Ukrainian Collaborationism During the Great Patriotic War

In the article, the author highlights some issues related to the reasons for Ukrainian collaboration, and peculiarities of the search and trial by Soviet state security agencies to war criminals and collaborationist elements during the Great Patriotic War. It was based on unknown documents to the scientific community, stored in the archival institutions of Donbass, and various previously published materials of famous domestic researchers. The author emphasizes that the work of the Soviet state security agencies to establish atrocities and search of war criminals and Nazi accomplices proceeded systematically and highly professionally. The result of their activities was a fairly significant number of war criminals and collaborators found and put on trial. This work strengthened the faith of Soviet citizens in the inevitability and justice of punishment for the crimes committed by the Nazis and their minions.
Keywords: Ukrainian SSR; Donbass; Great Patriotic War; military tribunals; collaborationism; war criminals; traitors.